Janus cotton with unidirectional-wicking, tri-mold cooling and antibacterial performance for personal thermal-moisture management

Single-mode personal thermal-moisture management fabrics cannot ensure the comfort and safety of the human body in high-temperature, high-humidity, and complex environments. Here, a tri-cooling cotton fabric (TCCF) that combines evaporation, convection, and heat storage with a converging pore array, Janus wetting structure and phase change microcapsule is demonstrated. Benefiting from its Janus wetting structure and converging pore array, the TCCF exhibits excellent unidirectional sweat-wicking performance (717 unidirectional transfer index) and rapid water vapor transmission (223.0 g/m 2 /h). The TCCF can lower the temperature by 4.5 °C through evaporation and convection compared with conventional cotton. Furthermore, the TCCF demonstrates excellent buffering capacity for sudden temperature changes. Evaporation, convection, and heat storage help cool the human body in complex environments.