Novel nanoceria in situ-derived porphyrin heterostructure enhanced electrochemiluminescent and colorimetric dual-mode detection of tetracycline residue in foods

Due to serious harm of the tetracycline (TC) residue to human health, here a multifunctional nanoceria in situ-derived porphyrin heterogeneous framework (CeO 2 -POF) was innovatively applied to electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and colorimetric dual-mode sensing platform for TC detection. Concretely, the CeO 2 -POF fully interprets a “kill three birds with one stone” strategy. Firstly, CeO 2 -POF integrated ECL luminophore (“bird” one) and co-reaction accelerator (“bird” two), obtaining a 1.6-fold stronger ECL emission than that of tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) ligand. Secondly, compared with two self-separated signal probes, the single CeO 2 -POF heterostructure exhibits enhanced ECL and peroxidase-like properties (“bird” three). CeO 2 -POF showed high catalyst activity toward H 2 O 2 and TMB, with color changes monitored via smartphone. Under optimized conditions, the dual-mode sensor for TC achieved a satisfied ECL detection limit of 0.57 pM and colorimetric detection limit of 0.52 nM. Compared with the commercial ELISA kit, the dual-mode sensing strategy exhibited satisfactory recovery in foods.