Novel holocellulose porous separator from Camellia Oleifera shells for sodium-ion batteries

Camellia oleifera shells (COS) are agricultural by-products that commonly discarded and burned, causing pollution to the environment. Due to their high holocellulose content, COS present a promising and cost-effective biomass resource, retaining both cellulose and hemicellulose. Leveraging this potential, holocellulose separators were fabricated via dissolution-regeneration and nonsolvent-based phase separation methods. The obtained holocellulose separator demonstrated a high porosity rate of 68.2 %, good thermal stability (to 190°C) and high ionic conductivity in sodium-ion batteries (2.38 mS/cm). Furthermore, the battery assembled with the holocellulose separator exhibited higher specific capacity and better stability compared to those using glass fiber separators, highlighting its potential for sustainable and high-value applications.