Nutraceutical potential of a novel phytonutrients formula in managing hyperuricemia: In silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and gout. This paper explored a novel phytonutrients formula (PNF) for managing HUA. PNF's efficacy was evaluated through in vitro , in vivo , and in silico studies. Phytochemical profiling of PNF was performed using advanced chromatography. In vitro enzymatic assay and cell studies demonstrated key mechanisms of inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XOD) and promoting uric acid (UA) excretion. In hyperuricemia mice model, PNF significantly reduced plasma UA level, inhibited XOD activity, enhanced UA excretion, and demonstrated antioxidant effects. Potential molecular targets were predicted, and hyperuricemia-related genes were curated. Protein-protein interaction networks and functional enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, PNF ameliorates HUA by inhibiting UA production, enhancing its excretion and exerting multi-target anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, highlighting its potential for HUA management.