Simultaneous rapid detection of eight furanocoumarins in grapefruit based on a broad-spectrum colloidal gold immunosensor

Furanocoumarins (FCs) are phototoxic, hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and can threaten human health. They are widely found in fruits and vegetables, such as grapefruit. To safeguard human health, this study used quantum chemical molecular simulation and RDKit to design and screened haptens, and monoclonal antibodie (mAb) that could simultaneously detect eight FCs was prepared. Based on this, we established a broad-spectrum colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip (CG-ICTS) for the detection of the eight FCs in grapefruit, with visual limits of detection (vLODs) and quantitative limits of detection (qLODs) ranging from 2 to 5000 μg/kg, and from 0.14 to 168.91 μg/kg, respectively. The detection of FCs in real grapefruit samples was performed by the CG-ICTS, and the reliability of the results was verified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our developed CG-ICTS can be used as a practical tool for the rapid and convenient determination of FCs in grapefruit.