Core-shell BN@PDA-Ag embedded PVDF-PNIPAAm/CS@CNT dual-layer membrane by electrospun with photothermal-triggered self-cleaning and adaptive filtration for high-flux water treatment

This study presents an innovative approach to membrane fabrication by integrating electrospinning with surface modification techniques to develop a novel dual-layer protective membrane system. The key innovation lies in the incorporation of photothermally responsive nanocomposites, enabling multifunctional membrane performance. The primary layer is a PVDF-PNIPAAm thermoresponsive matrix synthesized by radical polymerization, integrated with BN@PDA-Ag nanosheets. This design combines Ag nanoparticles’ photothermal conversion and BN’s thermal conductivity to regulate pore size via PNIPAAm chain conformational changes induced by temperature. The secondary layer, comprising CS@CNT and PVDF, significantly enhances membrane hydrophilicity and antifouling properties through chitosan’s hydrophilic groups and chelating capabilities. The membrane demonstrates self-cleaning, adaptive filtration, antifouling and high flux, representing a significant advancement in smart membrane technology for water treatment applications.