Uniform ultraviolet-inducing technology in liquid for macro surface modification of carbon fluoride with ultrahigh power density

Surface modification of carbon fluoride (CF x ) is one of typical methods to reduce polarization and enhance electrochemical discharge kinetics, in case of ultraviolet (UV) surface modified solid CF x powder, it faces the challenge of uneven issue. Herein, a uniform UV-inducing approach in dynamic alcoholic solution for macro CF x modification was developed to enhance the high rate performance. This approach possesses the advantage of good dispersibility and precise controllability of CF x particles, enabling large-scale preparation in kilogramme level (1∼3 kg per time). The UV-induced CF x displays the high energy density of 785.7 Wh kg -1 and ultrahigh-power density of 90580 W kg -1 at 70 C. The UV-inducing CF x with ultra-thin carbon layers (∼ 0.35 nm) has large specific surface area, abundant electrochemically active C-F bonds, enhanced electrical conductivity and reducing the energy barrier of Li + intercalation into CF x layers. These above synergistic effects supress the polarization, enhance the discharge kinetics behaviour, activate the CF x bond and increase the power density. This work provides a uniform and large-scale approach for Li/CF x primary batteries with ultra-high energy density as well as power density.