Structural Characterization of Morchella esculenta Polysaccharides and Its Ability to Modulate Intestinal Barrier and Intestinal Microbiota in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mice

Morchella esculenta polysaccharides (MEPs) are known to have multiple bioactive properties, including immunomodulatory, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc. In this study, we assessed the impact of MEPs on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, focusing on intestinal barrier and microbiota modulation. Using NMR analysis, MEPs were found to predominantly consist of 1,4,6- α - d -Glc p and 1,4- α - d -Glc p . MEPs were able to significantly alleviate weight loss, reduce colon length shortening, and mitigate colon pathology in mice. Notably, MEPs suppressed elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines levels but boosted anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. Besides, MEPs modulated gut microbiota, enhancing microbial diversity and promoting homeostasis compared to untreated. Furthermore, there was a higher relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, indicating that MEPs could enhance gut microbiota composition. Collectively, MEPs have promising therapeutic potential in preventing colitis, and therefore could be developed as a novel nutraceutical strategy.