Tumor Cell Membrane-Encapsulated Nanoparticles Composed of FeS2 and Radical-Initiator Nanoparticles for Osteosarcoma Cell Death

This research introduces FAM (FeS2-AIPH@Membrane), a nanoparticle system that synergizes photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and thermodynamic therapy (TDT) for targeted cancer treatment. FAM utilizes FeS2 for photothermal conversion and AIPH for radical generation, encapsulated within a tumor cell membrane to enhance targeting and immune evasion. The synthesis of FeS2 with AIPH was optimized, yielding nanoparticles with excellent stability and photothermal properties. Designed to release drugs in acidic tumor environments, FAM increases cytotoxicity at the target site. Under NIR irradiation in vitro, FAM nanoparticles mediated tumor cell death through concurrent reactive oxygen species production and localized hyperthermia. Cellular uptake studies confirmed enhanced intracellular concentrations due to homologous targeting. In vivo tests on MNNG/HOS tumor-bearing mice showed that FAM significantly reduced tumor volumes without systemic toxicity. These results demonstrate FAM’s potential as a safe, effective cancer theranostics platform, integrating PTT, CDT, and TDT into a single treatment modality, offering a more targeted, efficient, and less invasive cancer treatment alternative.