Bifunctional sodium lignosulfonate enabled the anode with LiF-rich interface for wide-temperature lithium-ion batteries

It is believed that slow Li + desolvation on the surface and sluggish Li + transfer in the bulk is responsible for the relatively poor high-rate and low-temperature performance of graphite anode. In this work, we design carbon composites with LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) by one-step process using the sodium lignosulfonate (LS) as the bifunctional agents. The polar functional groups on LS could promote the formation of SEI rich in LiF, which can facilitate Li + desolvation and reduce the energy barrier for Li + transfer. Meanwhile, the S elements in LS can be dopped into the carbon, which could regulate the interlamellar structure of carbon, furth promoting the Li + transfer in the bulk of carbon composites. As a result, the designed carbon anode exhibits impressive specific capacity of 1047 mAh g −1 under 100 mA g −1 at the room temperature. Even at low temperatures, it still displays 437 mAh g −1 at 0 °C and 300 mAh g −1 at −10 °C under 100 mA g −1 , which is far better than the graphite anode. This work puts forward an effective and green strategy to design the carbon anode with LiF-rich SEI and rapid Li + transfer for LIBs with high capacity and excellent wide-temperature performance.