Exploration of Crucial miRNA Signatures and Molecular Mechanisms in the System of Muscle–Exosome–Bone: Evidence from Transcriptome Data

Muscles and bones are adjacent in spatial position and closely related in function. Exosomes can achieve communication between donor and receptor cells by carrying molecules, such as miRNAs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use exosome-miRNA as a bridge, explore the correlation between clinical manifestations, and use bioinformatics and machine learning to cluster and screen exosome-miRNA sequencing data. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to validate the screened molecules. Three parts were explored to identify miRNAs that play a key regulatory role in the muscle–exosome–bone system. Ultimately, it was found that miR-92a-1-5p may play a crucial role in this system; that is, atrophic muscle cells can inhibit osteogenic differentiation by releasing exosomes carrying miR-92a-1-5p into osteoblasts and targeting Col1a1.