Polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide/dextran hydrogel doped copper oxide modified biochar with nano-enzymatic activity and multiple synergistic effects for accelerated diabetic wound healing

The treatment of diabetic wounds requires inhibition of bleeding, reduction of inflammation, alleviation of hypoxia, and removal of pathogenic bacteria, but the therapeutic effect is greatly limited due to the diverse and synergistic nature of drug functions and the microenvironment of diabetic wounds themselves. Therefore, in this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with multi-species enzymatic activity were modified into chrysanthemum petal biochar (BC) and loaded with taxifolin (TAX) to form the TAX@CuO-BC (TCB) system, and then TCB was doped into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) /dextran (DT) hydrogels to obtain a new nano-enzymatic hydrogel system, TAX@CuO/BC/PVA/GO/DT (TCBP), in vitro and in vivo tests showed that this hydrogel could accelerate the healing of diabetic wounds by killing wound bacteria, rapidly stopping bleeding, reducing inflammation, alleviating hypoxia, and promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, this hydrogel has great potential for the treatment of diabetic wounds.