Gelatin-based hydrogel incorporated with metal-phenolic network-coated mesoporous bioactive glasses for enhanced bone regeneration

The complex microenvironment of bone defects, particularly enhanced oxidative stress, poses significant clinical challenges for bone repair. Furthermore, the inadequate regulation of the regenerative microenvironment by conventional biomaterials substantially compromises healing efficacy. Herein, we developed tannic acid (TA)‑magnesium (Mg) metal-phenolic network (MPN) coated mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs@TA-Mg) and integrated them into glycidyl methacrylate-grafted gelatin (Gel-GMA) to fabricate GM/MBTM hydrogels. In vitro studies demonstrated that GM/MBTM hydrogels with excellent cytocompatibility, effectively scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and significantly promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Meanwhile, the hydrogels displayed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ). Therefore, this study establishes a novel strategy for designing multifunctional biomaterials capable of microenvironment modulation and enhanced bone regeneration.