Tribological and machining performance of novel DE@Mo₂CTx MXene bio-microcapsule nanofluids in machining of magnesium alloys

Magnesium alloys, valued for low density and high strength, are extensively used but challenged by poor corrosion resistance, complicating machining processes. This study introduces a novel bio-microcapsule nanofluid combining diatomite earth (DE) and Mo₂CTₓ MXene nanoparticles as cutting fluids. Comprehensive tests analyzed cutting forces, friction, tool wear, surface quality, and chip morphology. Results showed DE@Mo₂CTₓ MXene nanofluids reduced cutting force by 29.6 %, friction force by 65.7 %, surface roughness from 6.2 μm to 2.1 μm (66.1 % improvement), and coefficient of friction from 0.55 to 0.29. These nanofluids demonstrated superior lubrication and heat dissipation, significantly enhancing machining performance and surface integrity, highlighting promising applications for precision-critical industries machining magnesium alloys.