Fabrication of Fe3O4/HAP/Ag as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate for detection of antibiotic residues in fish and aquatic ecosystems

Antibiotic residues in food and environment pose a serious threat to human's health and ecological system. Therefore, it is crucial and urgent challenge to fabricate Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrate with high sensitivity to detect pesticide residues. A multifunctional three-layer Fe 3 O 4 /HAP/Ag nanoparticle system was fabricated as an active SERS substrate. The active substrate was characterized by comprehensive techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), mapping, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FHA was not only employed to detect ciprofloxacin (CIP) solution by SERS but also it was successfully applied for detection of CIP in fish body. It showed excellent linear relationship in the range of 1.0 × 10 −8 - 1.0 × 10 −3  mol/L for CIP, with low limit of detection (7.5 × 10 −9  mol/L), satisfactory enhancement factor, stability, and repeatability. A novel approach for detecting analyte in animal's body based on SERS was developed. It could be potential candidate to rapid detection of analyte for animal and it will open new perspective in application of SERS in vivo.