Ce-doped bioactive glass/BaTiO₃ composite ceramics with synergistic antioxidative and piezoelectric effects for enhanced bone repair

In this study, a composite ceramic material combining cerium-doped bioactive glass (CeBG) and barium titanate (BaTiO₃) was developed to harness the synergistic effects of antioxidant properties and piezoelectric responsiveness, thereby enhancing the repair of load-bearing bone defects. CeBG-BaTiO₃ composites with varying CeBG doping concentrations (5 % and 15 %) were fabricated via high-temperature sintering. The ceramics were studied by piezoelectric constants (d 33 ), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Vichers hardness. In vitro simulation of catalase activity, cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay were selected for biocompatibility and antioxidant capacity. 15 % CeBG-BaTiO₃ ceramic with d 33 of 1.6 pC/N has better densification, crystallinity and mechanical property. CeBG-BaTiO 3 ceramics have favorable biological performance and exhibit increased antioxidant properties with more CeBG.