Development and Evaluation of CS-GST Optical Probe for Non-Invasive Monitoring of GST Activity in Cardiovascular Diseases at Different Stage and Co-Infected with Colitis

Detecting glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in cardiovascular diseases is crucial for understanding oxidative stress and its role in disease progression, but it remains challenging due to GST’s dynamic expression and interactions with other cellular components. In this study, the CS-GST optical probe was developed to monitor GST activity. The probe demonstrated unique optical properties, with fluorescence intensity increasing and photoacoustic signals decreasing upon interacting with GST. It showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity, with strong correlations between fluorescence and GST concentration. In cellular and in vivo experiments, CS-GST effectively tracked GST activity in foam cell models and mice, showing potential as a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. Overall, CS-GST is a highly sensitive, selective, and stable tool with promising applications in cardiovascular disease research, offering a noninvasive method for real-time monitoring of GST activity.