摘要
Phenolic foam (PF) has gained extensive applications in architectural insulation, petrochemical industries, and aerospace engineering due to its exceptional thermal resistance. However, its practical implementation was hindered by inadequate mechanical strength, pronounced brittleness, and reliance on non-renewable petroleum-derived precursors. The substitution of lignin and its derivatives for phenol represented a sustainable innovation that synergistically enhanced foam performance and cost-effectiveness, while significantly minimizing environmental pollution and fostering the high-value conversion of renewable biomass resources. In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis lignin was functionalized by introducing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silicon (Si) moieties into its side chains, yielding an intrinsic lignin-based flame retardant (NPSi-L). Subsequent partial replacement of phenol with NPSi-L enabled the fabrication of NPSiLPFX composites. The modified lignin exhibited elemental compositions of 4.26 % N, 4.25 % P, and 6.65 % Si, with its char residue rate increasing to 69.18 %. The comparative study demonstrated that NPSiLPFX exhibited significantly enhanced fire resistance, with its LOI reaching up to 58.5 % and compressive strength attaining 0.22 MPa. Furthermore, peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced by 28.68 % and 51.54 %, respectively, while fire growth index (FIGRA) and total smoke production (TSP) decreased by 55.14 % and 99.26 %, respectively. The composite exhibited remarkable improvements in fire safety. Analytical characterization of char residues through morphological and elemental composition studies elucidated the cooperative flame-retardant mechanism of the N-P-Si ternary system. This study established an eco-friendly paradigm for developing high-performance phenolic foams that synergistically addressed fire hazards and structural deficiencies in engineering applications.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）