Research on the Pharmacodynamic Substances and Mechanism of Action of Tibetan Medicine Liuwei Muxiang Powder in the Treatment of Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer Model of GES1 Cell

Gastric ulcer (GU) is one of the most common diseases in humans. Liuwei Muxiang powder (LWMXP), a Tibetan medicine, is a traditional compound prescription used for treating GUs. However, there is currently no in-depth report on its effective substances and action mechanisms. In this study, first, the method of serum pharmacochemistry was adopted to identify 61 prototype components and 18 metabolites of LWMXP. Then, network pharmacology was used to predict the core components, key targets, and important pathways of LWMXP for treating GUs. Subsequently, the effects of LWMXP and its core components on the viability, biochemical indices, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis rate of gastric epithelial cell line-1 (GES1) cells in the ethanol-induced GU model were explored. After that, molecular docking was utilized to predict the interactions between the positive drug (omeprazole), six core components, and eight key targets of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and Western blot experiment was carried out for verification. Finally, it was determined that LWMXP for treating GES1 cells in the ethanol-induced GU model mainly acts on the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and its effective substances include protopine, piperine, eugenol, methyl gallate, gallic acid, and costunolide. This provides ideas for the follow-up research of LWMXP. Graphical First, the main blood-entering components of LWMXP were identified by serum pharmacochemistry methods. Then, the core components, key targets, and important pathways of LWMXP in treating gastric ulcers were screened through network pharmacology. Subsequently, the effects of LWMXP and its core components on the activity, biochemical indicators, cell cycle, ROS, and apoptosis rate of GES1 cells in the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model were explored. Then, molecular docking was used to validate the interactions between the positive control drug (omeprazole), six core components, and eight key targets in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Finally, Western blot experiments were carried out to verify the effects of LWMXP and the six core components on the aforementioned targets, ultimately identifying the bioactive substances and mechanisms of LWMXP in the treatment of gastric ulcer.