Oxygen-Generating Biomimetic Nano-Herb System for Synergistic Therapy & Pain Relief in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via HIF-1α/VEGF Pathway

Purpose This study aims to develop an innovative delivery system, (Q+M/MnOx)@Clip, to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of quercetin both in tumor treatment and pain alleviation.Methods The (Q+M/MnOx)@Clip system was evaluated to enhance the release of quercetin, investigate its ability to target cancer cells, alleviate tumor hypoxia, and improve the efficacy of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Tumor hypoxia markers and immune response activation were assessed, along with the impact on pain relief biomarkers.Results (Q+M/MnOx)@Clip successfully mitigated tumor hypoxia, facilitated controlled Q release, and enhanced CDT in vitro and in vivo. The system demonstrated a dual therapeutic effect: anti-tumor immunity and significant cancer pain relief by reducing HIF-1α and VEGF-A levels.Conclusion The novel (Q+M/MnOx)@Clip system represents a promising advancement in nanomedicine, improving the bioavailability of quercetin and offering a more effective approach to cancer treatment by downregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF-A. This study demonstrates the potential for combining anti-tumor immunity with pain relief for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.