Effects of resveratrol on pectin with different esterification degrees: Structure, function properties, and fermentation characteristics

To address the limitation of resveratrol (Res) related to its low bio-accessibility and poor stability, Res-pectin complexes with varying degrees of esterification were developed. The encapsulation efficiency of Res in these complexes was determined, revealing the following order: Res-L106 > Res-L13 > Res-H121 > Res-H115. Upon non-covalent interaction with pectins, Res exhibited enhanced stability, reduced crystallinity, and modified microstructure. The complexes exhibited stable particle sizes across a pH range of 4 to 8, with the Res-L106 complex showing minimal sensitivity to variations in ionic strength and temperature. All complexes exhibited improved antioxidant activities compared to pectins alone, with the Res-L106 complex displaying the highest activity. The complex enhancing the bio-accessibility of Res follows the order of Res-L106 > Res-L13 > Res-H121 > Res-H115. Additionally, all complexes promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with butyric acid being the predominant product. Notably, the Res-L106 complex exhibited the highest SCFAs-producing capacity. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of strategies to enhance the bioavailability of Res, highlighting the potential of low-esterified pectin as an effective delivery carrier for bioactive compounds.