Flame-retardant, magnetic, and superhydrophobic PU sponges for efficient oil adsorption under temperature-responsive: Synergistic strategies of honeycomb-like phosphorus-doped Fe-MOFs functionalized Al(OH)3 and Fe3O4

In this work, a superhydrophobic magnetic photothermal flame-retardant polyurethane sponge (AH/Fe-MOF-P@Fe 3 O 4 @PA@PU) with efficient oil–water separation performance was prepared. After coating the polyurethane sponge with a phytic acid (PA) film, the new honeycomb-like “three-in-one” flame-retardant AH/Fe-MOF-P and magnetic nanoparticle Fe 3 O 4 were firmly bound to the sponge by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). AH/Fe-MOF-P@Fe 3 O 4 @PA@PU exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity (with a water contact angle of 155.3°), an oil–water separation efficiency of up to 99%, outstanding recyclability, and environmental stability. Utilizing its magnetic properties, it can be applied to special and complex oil spill treatments. The AH/Fe-MOF-P@Fe 3 O 4 @PA@PU composite exhibited exceptional photothermal properties and demonstrated highly efficient adsorption capabilities for high-viscosity crude oil. Furthermore, the modified sponge possessed remarkable flame-retardant properties, exhibiting the ability to self-extinguish within 2 s following ignition. The superhydrophobic magnetic flame-retardant polyurethane sponge has great potential as an effective oil spill remediation material.