Ultrasonically assisted synthesis of Co-Ni bimetallic oxides for simultaneous detection of furazolidone and metronidazole

This work developed an ultrasonically assisted synthesis of nickel cobaltite (NiCo 2 O 4 ) modified electrode for simultaneous detection of Furazolidone (FRZ) and Metronidazole (MTR) in biological samples. The structural and chemical properties of the as-prepared electrodes were systematically characterized through multiple analytical techniques. The NiCo 2 O 4 -modified glassy carbon electrode (NiCo 2 O 4 /GCE) demonstrated exceptional performance with wide linear ranges of 0.005–200 μM for MTR and 0.01–150 μM for FRZ, with remarkably low detection limits of 2.57 nM and 29.13 nM, respectively. The sensor exhibited excellent selectivity against common interferents, good reproducibility, and maintained > 90 % activity after 30 days. NiCo 2 O 4 /GCE can be used to detect MTR and FRZ in real pharmaceutical and serum samples, achieving excellent recovery rates within the range of 94.0 % to 114.0 %. This work not only presents a superior sensing platform for antibiotic monitoring but also establishes ultrasound-assisted synthesis as an effective strategy for developing advanced bimetallic oxide electrocatalysts.