Triple-synergistic hollow AuAg@CeO2 plasmonic nanozymes enable rapid alkaline phosphatase detection via smartphone-integrated dual-mode biosensing

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a pivotal hydrolase in human tissues, serves as a key biomarker for disease diagnostics. Here, we report a hollow AuAg@CeO 2 plasmonic nanozyme engineered for ALP detection through triple synergistic catalysis. The hierarchically designed hollow architecture enhances near-infrared (NIR) photon capture via multiscale light scattering, while the AuAg-CeO 2 heterojunction enables directional charge transfer. ALP-mediated ascorbic acid generation triggers a cascade mechanism: (1) plasmonic hot electrons regenerate CeO 2 oxygen vacancies to optimize H 2 O 2 adsorption; (2) photothermal activation facilitates H 2 O 2 dissociation; and (3) localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) amplifies interfacial electron kinetics. This synergy boosts its peroxidase-like activity, achieving nanomolar ALP sensitivity—a 100-fold improvement over commercial kits within 10-min. Integrated smartphone-based colorimetric dual-mode analysis enables cross-validated ALP quantification with <10 % matrix interference, validated by human samples with 94.8–105.4 % recovery. By deciphering structure-LSPR-activity correlations, this work pioneers adaptive nanozyme design and intelligent diagnostic platforms for precision medicine, bridging critical gaps in point-of-care testing and early disease surveillance.