Highly hydrovoltaic fabrics based on water evaporation drive for self-powered wearable

Hydrovoltaic have attracted considerable attention for their unique advantages such as simplicity of power generation, abundance of sources and greenness. However, current hydrovoltaic energy harvesting technologies face significant challenges, including low power density and low efficiency, which make them difficult to utilize in practical applications. Hence, inspired by the structure of green rhizome, a new heterogeneous curved microstructure of flexible cotton fabric generator (PMCPG) was developed by treating plain cotton fabrics by alkaline washing and “Transplanting” them with Ti 3 C 2 T X MXene and polypyrrole (PPy). Utilizing the capillary core suction effect to achieve rapid pumping of water, the highly breathable nonwoven encapsulated PMCPG has a multi-channel water transport channel similar to the green rhizome, and its outer irregular “Breathing” porous structure can achieve efficient water capture. This PMCPG can successfully drive low-power electronics after being able to output a peak current of >2 mA, producing a high voltage of ~0.6 V and an energy output of ~150 μW, with a sensitive ion sensing (894.5 μA M −1 ) capability of this generator to monitor human physiological signals. This biomimetic hydrovoltaic generator device also provides an interesting potential platform for realizing self-powered wearable and sweat analysis, contributing to the development of diversified structural designs and performances of flexible wearable wet-electric self-powered devices.