A novel electrochemical sensor based on NiO/MoS2/rGO composite material for rapid detection of methyl parathion

A novel electrochemical sensor (NiO/MoS₂/rGO/GCE) designed for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion (MP) pesticide residues has been developed. The NiO/MoS₂/rGO composite was synthesized via hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, with successful formation and optimized microstructural characteristics validated through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Empirical results demonstrated that the incorporation of NiO markedly augmented both the electrochemically active sites and electron-transfer efficiency, thereby enabling the sensor to achieve an excellent linear detection range of 0.01–10 μg/mL for MP, accompanied by a notably low detection limit of 1.1 ng/mL (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the sensor exhibited superior anti-interference performance, achieving recovery percentages ranging from 97.7 to 108.8% in practical sample analyses (apple juice), with relative standard deviations (RSD) between 2.7 and 5.2%. Overall, this research offers a promising and cost-effective approach for highly sensitive pesticide residue detection, underscoring its substantial potential for broad practical applications. Graphical