Multimodal sensing conductive organohydrogel electronics based on chitosan-encapsulated MXene nanocomposites for deep learning-enhanced ball sports recognition

Conductive hydrogels have drawn significant attention as smart sensing systems for flexible electronics. However, challenges remain in fabricating multimodal electronics that simultaneously achieve ultrastretchability, conformal adhesion, environmental adaptability, self-healing, and high-performance sensing for electrophysiological signal detection. In this study, a nanocomposite organohydrogel with these features is developed by incorporating chitosan-encapsulated MXene nanosheets into a polyacrylamide network within a phytic acid (PA)/glycerol (GL)/water trisolvent system, aiming to create a multimodal sensing platform. The synergy between hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions endows the organohydrogel with exceptional properties, including ultrastretchability (2,800%), robust adhesion (70.6 kPa on paper), and self-healing ability. The combination of PA and GL not only enhances the organohydrogel’s environmental adaptability (-30 to 60 °C) to meet diverse application requirements but also improves its conductivity. These remarkable features enable the organohydrogel to function as a multimodal sensor capable of detecting multiple stimuli (strain and temperature) with high sensitivity and strong robustness against external disturbances. Moreover, it serves as a reliable electrode for electromyography signal detection, providing a high signal-to-noise ratio and low interfacial impedance. By integrating deep learning algorithms, the organohydrogel sensing system achieves 100% accuracy in ball sports identification, showcasing its potential for multimodal sensing platforms.