MXene-enhanced hydrogel cardiac patch with high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and excellent biocompatibility

Myocardial infarction (MI), a leading cause of death worldwide, triggers cardiomyocyte death and scar tissue formation, disrupting electrical conduction and impairing cardiac function, which may ultimately progress to heart failure. In this study, we develop a high-conductivity and high-toughness hydrogel cardiac patch by incorporating MXene nanosheets into a PVA/PAM hydrogel. This cardiac patch shows superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 190 kPa and elongation over 1250%, while MXene enhances the electrical conductivity of hydrogel, benefiting the restoration of conduction in infarcted areas. Additionally, strong adhesion to muscle and skin tissues has been proved, with the maximum adhesion strength reaching 15 kPa. Biocompatibility tests also reveal high cell viability. These findings provide additional options for cardiac functional repair and MI treatment.