Direct 2400 h Seawater Electrolysis Catalyzed by Pt-Loaded Nanoarray Sheets

Seawater electrolysis offers a sustainable route for large-scale, carbon-neutral hydrogen production, but its industrial application is limited by the poor efficiency and durability of current electrocatalysts under high current densities. Herein, we synthesized ultrasmall Pt nanoclusters uniformly anchored on FeCoNi phosphide nanosheet arrays, forming a composite catalyst with outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in alkaline seawater. The catalyst achieves an ultralow overpotential of 17 mV at −10 mA cm−2, far surpassing commercial Pt/C, and stably delivers industrial-level current densities up to 2000 A m−2for over 2400 h with minimal voltage degradation and low energy consumption (4.16 kWh/Nm3H2). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed strong interfacial electronic interactions between Pt and Fe/Co species, involving electron transfer from Pt that modulates its electronic structure, weakens hydrogen adsorption, and enhances both HER kinetics and Pt dispersion. This work presents a scalable and robust catalyst platform, bridging the gap between laboratory research and industrial seawater electrolysis for green hydrogen production.