Isoflavones and lignans with anti-inflammatory activity from Thalictrum baicalense Turcz.

Phytochemical investigation of Thalictrum baicalense Turcz. roots, traditionally used for inflammatory conditions, led to the isolation of three novel isoflavones, thalibaicalins A-C ( 1 – 3 ), and a new lignan, (7 R , 8 S , 7′ R , 8′ S )-9 E -feruloylneoolivill ( 6 ), alongside six known compounds ( 4 – 5 , 7 – 10 ). Structural characterization was accomplished by HRESIMS, comprehensive NMR analysis, and quantum chemical calculations. Anti-inflammatory evaluation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages identified potent NO inhibitors, with lignan 6 exhibiting the highest activity (IC 50  = 9.56 ± 2.03 μM). This study expands the phytochemical diversity of T. baicalense Turcz. and highlights its potential as a source of anti-inflammatory lead compounds, particularly the highly active lignan derivative.