Thermodynamics and experimental analysis of Ni-modified oxygen carriers with carbon resistance for chemical looping dry reforming of methane

Chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CL-DRM) represents an innovative CO 2 utilization technology that enables efficient conversion of CH 4 and CO 2 while producing high-quality syngas. To investigate the carbon resistance of oxygen carriers, we present a comprehensive analysis of carbon deposition mechanisms in CL-DRM from both thermodynamic and experimental perspectives, establishing a quantitative correlation between carbon deposition and oxygen carrier characteristics. Experimental validation confirmed the thermodynamic predictions. Utilizing an exsolution strategy, we successfully synthesized nano-Ni-modified iron-based perovskite, which demonstrated exceptional reactivity and carbon resistance at 800 °C. This work provides both theoretical and practical guidance for the development of advanced oxygen carriers in CL-DRM systems.