Leukocyte Membrane-Coated Filtrable Micromotors With Selective Distribution of Enzymes for Capturing and Sensing Circulating Tumor Cells

Enzyme-catalyzed micro/nanomotors exhibit significant promise in drug delivery and sensing due to the exceptional biocompatibility, adaptability, and capacity to employ endogenous fuels. Nevertheless, the flow field generated by the catalytic reaction of enzymes exposed to the outside may considerably impair the recognition ability of surface-connected functional components, such as aptamers. Here, advantage is taken of cell membrane coating technology to create biomimetic micromotors that selectively distributed glucose oxidase (GOx) and employ aggregation-induced emission sensing to quickly capture and visualize circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Once the cell membrane selectively filters glucose, the flow field created by GOx is restricted within the intramembrane cavity. This design produces the required driving force while reducing interference on the exterior surface recognition function. By spatially segregating functional components, these biomimetic micromotors achieve CTCs collection in less than a min, enable real-time in situ detection. The proposed strategy demonstrates the potential of spatially segregated biomimetic micromotors for rapid CTCs enrichment and real-time sensing, which may inspire further development of multifunctional platforms in liquid biopsy applications.