Dual-Domain Engineered Exosome-Based Self-Powered Microneedle Delivery Platform for the Treatment of Infected Wounds

Bacterial infection and persistent inflammation severely hinder tissue regeneration; therefore, a synergistic therapeutic strategy that combines antibacterial and pro-healing functions is crucial for the effective treatment of infected wounds. In this study, we construct a self-powered microneedle drug delivery platform based on a Dual-domain engineered exosome (D 2 -Exo) that integrates antimicrobial and healing-promoting capabilities. The exosome is internally loaded with asiaticoside and surface-modified with an antimicrobial peptide. The self-powered microneedle delivery platform, driven by a triboelectric nanogenerator, enables precise and efficient release of the D 2 -Exo. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that electrical stimulation significantly enhances exosome release and cellular uptake. The D 2 -Exo-loaded platform effectively reduces inflammation, inhibits bacterial infection, and promotes granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition, thereby accelerating the healing of infected wounds. This study presents a promising strategy for the intelligent treatment of infected wounds.