Facile synthesis of P2/O3 biphase integration NaNi0.5Mn0.45Mg0.05O2 as promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerge as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), attributed to their abundant sodium resources and economical pricing. Among various cathode materials , P2 and O3-type layered oxides have garnered significant attention for their superior electrochemical properties . In this study, NaNi 0.5 Mn 0.45 Mg 0.05 O 2 (P2/O3-NMM) cathode material was effectively synthesized using a homogeneous coprecipitation technique with di-n-butylamine as the precipitating agent. The findings indicate that the P2/O3-NMM cathode material synthesized at 850 ℃ for 16 h exhibits a capacity retention of 62.33 % after 200 cycles at a current density of 1 C. The results indicate the biphasic synergy of P2/O3 integrates the rapid Na + migration of the P2 phase with the high capacity of the O3 phase, substantially improving cathode electrochemical performance . This work provides an effective strategy for developing biphase cathodes in SIBs.