FACl as a Bifunctional Additive to Enhance the Performance of Lead-Free Antimony-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown tremendous progress in the last few years. However, highly toxic Pb and its instability have restricted their further development. On the other hand, antimony-based perovskites such as cesium antimony iodide (Cs3Sb2I9) have shown high stability but low power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to the limited transfer of photocarriers and the poor quality of films. Here, we present a novel method to improve the performance of Cs3Sb2I9PSCs through a FACl-modified buried interface. FACl acts as a bi-functional additive, and FA incorporation enhances the crystallinity and light absorption of films. Furthermore, treatment with FACl optimizes the level position of Cs3Sb2I9. In addition, transient photovoltage and transient photocurrent were employed to confirm the reduction of charge recombination and superior carrier transportation. By using a planar device structure, we found the PCE of a FACl–Cs3Sb2I9-based device to be 1.66%. The device, stored for 2 months under N2conditions, showed a negligible loss in PCE. Overall, this study provides a new strategy to further enhance the performance of Sb-based PSCs.