Enhancing the acid resistance of oxide glass through ion diffusion at the glass/ceramic interface

High acid resistance of terminal electrodes is crucial for the reliability of multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC). However, enhancing the acid resistance of the glass to protect terminal electrodes without sacrificing their sintering performance and adhesion strength remains a challenge. This work demonstrates that the acid resistance of the sealing glass can be significantly enhanced by promoting the release of Ti 4+ and Zr 4+ ions from the commercial BaTiO 3 ceramic substrate into the glass melt. During the sealing process, Ti 4+ and Zr 4+ ions diffuse from the BaTiO 3 based ceramic into the CaO-BaO-ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass melt, which increases the bridging oxygen content and thereby strengthens the glass structural network. Moreover, Ti 4+ and Zr 4+ ions reduce the diameter of the diffusion channels within the passivation gel. This work reveals the significant roles of the interfacial ion diffusion in enhancing the acid resistance of the sealing glasses and provides a smart way to develop highly acid-resistant glasses for various applications.