A triphasic interface-induced confined-deposition strategy toward 3D micro-heterogeneous wetting surface

Natural surfaces with heterogeneous wettability inspire innovations in functional materials. Lubricant-infused slipperiness and heterogeneous three-dimensional (3D) micro-textures are emerging performers, displaying diversified interface features and spatial topologies. However, how to construct well-defined heterogeneous wettability on 3D micro-textures to create stable heterogeneous slippery surfaces remains challenging. Here, a 3D micro-heterogeneous wetting surface, featuring a lubricant sea dotted with superhydrophilic micro-islands, was fabricated via an innovative method without costly techniques. Tunable micro-island dimensions are supported for stable lubricant retention and programmable slipperiness. The flexibility and vertical heterogeneity enable the film advanced functions of deformation-responsive convertible adhesion and high-performance water collection. This work can greatly boost interfacial materials and extend their application in intelligent microfluidics and sustainable systems.