Anti-freezing, self-healing and human sensors nanocomposite hydrogels based on functionalized cellulose nanocrystals and polydextrose

Wearable flexible sensors face the challenge of maintaining stable performance and state in low-temperature environments. In this work, a nano-reinforced material (CNCs/PDA/ZP) composed of ZP and PDA-coated polysaccharide material CNCs was designed. By introducing the modified nanomaterial CNCs/PDA/ZP and PDX into double-network hydrogels composed of PAA and CG, nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared. The hydrogels exhibit excellent antifreeze properties (−35 °C), along with high sensitivity (GF = 2.97) and a rapid response time (229.2 ms). Its strain sensor can detect human motion within a wide temperature range, and it also has good biocompatibility. This achievement not only expands the environmental adaptability of hydrogels but also paves a new way for the practical application of biocompatible flexible electronic devices.