Nanoconfinement-engineered SnPS 3 anodes induced fast electrochemical kinetics for highly reversible sodium-ion storage

An innovative SnPS 3 @carbon nanofibers (CNFs) composite anode was successfully synthesized through an integrated electrospinning and thermal phosphosulfuration strategy. Comprehensive structural characterization confirms the uniform dispersion of Sn, P, and S elements within a nitrogen-doped porous carbon matrix, forming an interconnected three-dimensional conductive network. This architecturally optimized design significantly enhances electrical conductivity while providing abundant accessible active sites for efficient sodium ion adsorption and storage.Electrochemical evaluation demonstrates exceptional sodium storage performance: the SnPS 3 @CNFs anode delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of 448.14 mA h g⁻¹ after 980 cycles at an ultrahigh current density of 10 A g⁻¹, representing an enhancement over conventional SnS₂@CNFs and Sn₄P₃@CNFs counterparts.Furthermore, full-cell configuration with a Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (NVP) cathode maintains a high reversible capacity of 196.3 mA h g⁻¹ following 200 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹, confirming excellent practical compatibility. The synergistic integration of outstanding cyclability, superior rate capability, and structural integrity establishes this composite as a promising high-performance anode material for next-generation sodium-ion batteries, particularly suited for high-power energy storage applications.