In-situ blood glucose level detection based on a non-enzymatic microneedle biosensor

Although subcutaneous implanted continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have proven effective in promoting diabetes management, their adoption has been limited because of high production costs and reduced accuracy and precision resulting from their invasive nature. In this research, a biosensor based on a minimally invasive solid microneedle array for continuous glucose monitoring was introduced. The device was consisted of solid metal microneedles integrated with polydopamine (PDA) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to immobilize platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs)s. The geometric features of these microneedles allowed them to penetrate dermal tissue without the need for an applicator. The as-fabricated biosensor has been used for blood glucose detection as a non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor with a wide detection range of 2–38 mM, high sensitivity of 0.48 μA/mM/cm 2 and low detection limit of 0.18 mM. To assess its practical applicability, the efficacy of the biosensor was evaluated on in vivo animal assessment. The results demonstrated a high degree of consistency in blood glucose levels between those detected by the developed microneedle biosensor and the conventional glucometer.