A β-cyclodextrin/fluorinated covalent triazine framework hybrid fiber for synergistic solidphase microextraction of aflatoxins in cereals

A β-cyclodextrin-functionalized fluorinated covalent triazine framework (β-CD/FCTF) was developed as a high-performance solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating for efficient extraction of aflatoxins (AFs) from cereals. The composite synergistically combines the high surface area of FCTF with the host-guest recognition capability of β-CD and polar interactions afforded fluorine/triazine groups. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, the method achieved detection limits of 0.02–0.11 ng/g and quantification limits of 0.06–0.36 ng/g. Recoveries from spiked cereal samples ranged from 84.5 to 130 % (RSD ≤ 10.2 %). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed enhanced adsorption through synergistic host-guest inclusion, hydrogen bonding, and F–π interactions. The coating showed 2.1–2.3 fold higher enrichment than pure FCTF, excellent anti-interference, and reusability. This work establishes a reliable and robust analytical platform for trace AFs detection in food commodities and proposes a generalizable covalent grafting strategy for the rational design of functional porous materials in food safety monitoring.