In situ converted Camellia Oleifera pollen-graphene composite into self-supporting carbon film for ions and electrons dual transport channels

The discontinuous ion and electronic transport caused by randomly distributed powders lead to inferior ionic conductivity and large electronic transmission resistance. All carbon hybrid films electrode, the synergistic combination Camellia Oleifera pollen with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) greatly improves the operation of conductive carbons and doping, and can be easily adjusted from 3D doped porous carbon (3DPC), self-standing 3D doped carbon hybrid films composed of porous carbon and graphene (3DPC-G), to self-standing 3D graphene films (3DG), can be an excellent method. The high oxygen (28.6 %), nitrogen (3.29 %) and sulfur (0.91 %) content of 3DPC-G film electrode, in which porous carbon tightly adhered to the surface of graphene to form complementary synergistic effects of conductivity and 3D interconnected hierarchical porous structure, can efficiently promote the electron transfer and ion transport. Thus, 3DPC-G-based supercapacitor achieved an impressive energy density of 14.6 Wh kg −1 (71.3 mWh cm −2 ) and cycle stability (>90 % after 10,000 cycles). Meanwhile, 3DPC-G//Zn ZIHC delivered a high energy density of 190.89 mWh cm −2 at 0.22 mW cm −2 and long cycle stability (83.5 % after 10,000 cycles). Such a synergistically enhance films may throw light on the rational design of carbon electrodes for practical high-performance flexible supercapacitors.