Selenium-albumin corona rinse ameliorates diabetic periodontitis by inhibiting inflammation, anti-bacterial and improving osteogenesis via activating TrxR1/ROS/β-catenin anti-oxidation cascade

Diabetes mellitus (DM) aggravates periodontitis due to disordered glucose metabolism, leading to accelerated bone destruction and increasing dental plaque reproduction to induce local inflammation. The hyperglycemic state of DM leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction that inhibits osteogenic differentiation in periodontal. These make a great challenge for the treatment of diabetic periodontitis. ROS-scavenging materials with additional anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial properties are highly sought after for the treatment of diabetic periodontitis. Herein, we have prepared the selenium-albumin corona rinse (H@Se NPs) through the albumin/nano-Se assembly strategy. H@Se NPs have better anti-inflammation via promoting the polarization of macrophages from the M1 to M2 phenotype and anti-bacterial effects than the commercially available selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs). Additionally, H@Se NPs can scavenge ROS to modulate the periodontal osteogenic microenvironment, a mechanism that involves regulating thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) synthesis and activating the TrxR1/ROS/β-catenin cascade. Furthermore, studies conducted in vivo have verified that H@Se NPs can suppress the formation of subgingival microbial colonies while enhancing osteogenic differentiation in diabetic pathological environments and improving periodontal bone regeneration via ROS scavenging. Collectively, these findings unveil new therapeutic paradigms for the clinical management of diabetic periodontitis.