Rapidly Sunlight-Cured Ionic Conductive Hydrogel for Flexible Electrochromic Devices and Flexible Sensors

Electrochromic materials, prized for their energy efficiency and environmental adaptability, have drawn significant research attention toward energy conservation and sustainability. Conversely, traditional photocured gels face challenges such as high equipment requirements, toxic photoinitiators, and intricate preparation processes. In response, this research develops a facile method for preparing photocured conductive hydrogels, employing tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) as non-toxic photoinitiators, such as reliance on UV equipment and toxic photoinitiators. WO 3 and MoO 3 synergistically enhance the photo-response and curing speed, enabling rapid solidification into a conductive hydrogel under sunlight within 3 min. The resulting hydrogel demonstrates remarkable mechanical properties, including 400% elongation, self-healing capabilities (restored conductivity within 5 min), and good water–retention, showcasing excellent performance in flexible electrochromic devices and stress sensors. The present study delves into the gel's curing mechanism, electrical and mechanical properties, and self-healing capability, inspiring future applications in electronic devices, flexible circuits, and smart materials.