Correlation analysis of monosaccharide composition and in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Tremella fuciformis spore polysaccharides

Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides have diverse bioactivities and beneficial physicochemical properties, enabling broad use in pharmaceuticals and food. This study analyzed intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides (IPs and EPs) from three T. fuciformis spores, assessing their monosaccharide composition and in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects. Results showed that TWW01-AX and TWW02-TMS had significantly higher biomass and polysaccharide yields than TYH-SD1. IPs were predominantly composed of Glc, exceeding 60 mol%, whereas EPs were primarily composed of Man, accounting for over 64 mol%. Monosaccharide percentages served as key discriminators between IPs and EPs. EPs exhibited stronger DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging, CUPRAC, as well as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, while IPs showed superior ABTS radical scavenging activities and FRAP. Ridge regression showed key monosaccharide percentage variations notably influence bioactivities. This study provided a theoretical basis for the functional evaluation of high-quality T. fuciformis polysaccharides and the efficient screening of superior strains.