Ti3C2Tx MXene Incorporated Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Composite with in Vitro Osteogenic Potential and NIR-Assisted Antibacterial Properties

The integration of osteogenic and antibacterial properties into biomaterials is crucial for addressing infected bone defects. Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is widely recognized for its bioactivity and tunable porous structure, making it a promising candidate for bone repair. However, conventional MBG lacks inherent antibacterial properties, limiting its application in postoperative infection management. In this study, we have successfully developed Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene modified MBG (Ti 3 C 2 T x /MBG) nanocomposites with osteogenic and antibacterial properties. The results reveal that the incorporation of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene significantly enhances the mineralization capability, as evidenced by accelerated hydroxyapatite formation in simulated body fluid within 7 days compared to pure MBG. Notably, the nanocomposite exhibits no cytotoxicity toward MC3T3-E1 cells and markedly upregulates key osteogenic genes, including Alp, Runx2, Col1a1, Opn, and Ocn . Moreover, Ti 3 C 2 T x /MBG nanocomposite displays remarkable photothermal antibacterial efficacy, achieving 99.6% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus under near-infrared irradiation. This study proposes a versatile strategy to synthesize multifunctional MXene/MBG nanocomposites with enhanced apatite mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and antibacterial activity, demonstrating great potential for bone tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.