Maximizing framework titanium content in TS-1 zeolite through a novel boron extraction and titanium incorporation strategy

TS-1 zeolite is a catalyst known for its high selective oxidation performance and broad industrial applications. The titanium atom in the TS-1 often acts as the active center in catalytic reactions, especially in oxidation reactions, so increasing the titanium content in TS-1 is of great significance in chemical reactions and catalytic applications. This paper explores a Novel Boron Extraction and Titanium Incorporation Strategy to enhance the titanium content within the TS-1 framework. During the dry gel preparation process, boron species were introduced in situ into the framework of the TS-1 to form a framework boron-titanium-silicon TS-1-B with tetra-coordinated or tri-coordinated positions. TS-1-B is then treated with acid to remove the framework boron, while an appropriate amount of titanium precursor is introduced to fill the vacancy left by the removal of the framework boron. The results of XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis, BET, NH 3 -TPD, XRF, and XPS showed that the titanium content of the tetracoordinate framework in the TS-1 was improved. The catalytic performances of TS-1-B, TS-1-BS, and TS-1-BST were comparatively evaluated through two representative reactions: propylene epoxidation and the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H₂ and O₂.