In-situ-oxidized Janus-structure TiO2-Ti3C2Tx as sensing element for high performance glucose sensor

MXene, an emerging two-dimensional material, has garnered significant research attention due to its exceptional electrical conductivity and large specific surface area. In this work, TiO 2 forms on the surface of the material through controllable in-situ electrochemical oxidation and serves as the catalyst, while the highly conductive Ti 3 C 2 T x is retained in the interior, forming a Janus structure that enables different parts of the material to perform distinct functions. Due to the in-situ oxidation, the TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x heterojunctions are tightly coupled with low interfacial resistance, enhancing carrier mobility and facilitating the rapid separation of electrons and holes. In this work, the Janus structure was innovatively applied to non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing, achieving remarkable glucose detection metrics, including a wide linear range (4.6 μM–5.3 mM), a low detection limit (0.4 μM), high sensitivity (5677 μA mM −1 cm −2 ), and excellent reproducibility. Notably, the sensor has been successfully applied to glucose quantification in serum samples, demonstrating reliable recoveries (97.6 %–99.1 %) for reusability. This study applies the Janus structure to glucose detection, providing a new strategy for non-enzymatic glucose sensing and expands the potential applications of MXene in electrochemical sensing applications.