Cu–Fe3O4 Nanozyme Reverses Age-Impaired Alveolar Healing via Reactive Oxygen–Nitrogen Species Scavenging and Mitophagy Reactivation

Age-related decline in bone healing capacity poses significant challenges for tooth extraction recovery in the elderly. Elevated reactive oxygen–nitrogen species (RONS) and impaired mitophagy drive this pathology. We engineered bimetallic Cu–Fe3O4 nanoclusters with oxygen vacancies (OVs) via hydrothermal synthesis. The abundant oxygen vacancies and bimetallic synergy endow Cu–Fe3O4 with exceptional enzyme-mimicking activity, enabling efficient scavenging of excess RONS and activation of mitophagy in senescent cells in vitro, thereby reversing functional decline. Owing to its excellent biocompatibility and negligible in vivo toxicity, Cu–Fe3O4 accelerates tooth extraction wound healing in aged animal models.