Structure-engineered Mg2TiO4 ceramics with highly-tunable dielectric properties for multi-frequency applications

This study presents a novel approach for fabricating multi-frequency microwave devices through structural engineering of Mg 2 TiO 4 ceramics. Utilizing digital light processing (DLP) technology, we successfully fabricate triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures with precisely controlled porosity ranging from 40 to 60 %. Microstructural characterization via SEM and X-CT reveals uniform, dense ceramics with designed porosity gradients and no observable cracks. The dielectric properties demonstrate significant tunability, with the Q × f values decreasing from 118,000 to 57,800 GHz and the dielectric constant reducing from 8.85 to 5.49 as porosity increasing. Correspondingly, the center operating frequency of Mg 2 TiO 4 based dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) shifts from 6.53 to 8.18 GHz, while the operational bandwidth substantially expands from 472 to 1063 MHz. Excellent agreement between simulated and measured reflection paramter ( S 11 ) validates the design methodology. These findings establish porosity engineering via DLP as a viable strategy for developing multi-band microwave devices with tailored dielectric properties.